Knitted caps, editorials, and bumper stickers will not stop fascism.
The Successful Undergrounds of other nations and other times suggest we must take physical and visible action and provide a blue print for citizen combat.
Moving targets need to be tracked on the web.
A guide on how to weaponize off-the-shelf drones needs to be translated from the Ukrainian.
What other lessons can we learn from past resistance efforts?
Italian Resistance experience suggests these 10 steps (copied from an anonymous source):
1. Organised Covert Networks
What it entailed: Forming underground resistance groups that operated outside the regime’s reach. Built small, localised cells to avoid detection and ensure information security.
Historical example: Partisan groups in Italy operated in rural areas and mountains, forming guerrilla cells that disrupted fascist control.
Key actions: Recruited trusted members, used encrypted communication, and maintained strict secrecy.
2. Sabotaged State Infrastructure
What it entailed: Targeting key infrastructure - such as railways, factories, and communication systems - to disrupt the regime’s operations.
Historical example: Italian partisans blew up rail lines used to transport Nazi and fascist troops.
Key actions: Used knowledge of local infrastructure, created roadblocks, cut power, and destroyed supply lines.
3. Spread Counter-Propaganda
What it entailed: Combating fascist propaganda by disseminating leaflets, underground newspapers, posters, and radio broadcasts that exposed the regime’s lies and rallied support for resistance.
Historical example: Anti-fascist publications like L’Unità played a critical role in organising opposition in Italy.
Key actions: Created anonymous networks for distributing materials and co-opted new media technologies to spread the message.
4. Conducted Guerrilla Warfare
What it entailed: Using hit-and-run tactics, ambushes, and sabotage to weaken military forces and morale.
Historical example: Italian partisans launched small-scale attacks against both Nazi occupiers and fascist collaborators.
Key actions: Trained in small arms and explosives, exploited knowledge of local terrain, and avoided direct confrontation with superior forces.
5. Fostered International Solidarity
What it entailed: Building alliances with international organisations and governments sympathetic to the cause, securing resources, training, and moral support.
Historical example: Allied forces supported Italian partisans by providing weapons and supplies.
Key actions: Used clandestine communication to reach external allies and appealed to international movements against fascism.
6. Organised Strikes and Boycotts
What it entailed: Organising economic resistance through strikes, boycotts of fascist-affiliated businesses, and slowdowns in workplaces controlled by the regime.
Historical example: Workers in fascist Italy conducted strikes that undermined the regime’s war economy.
Key actions: Worked with unions, ensured widespread participation, and focused on critical industries.
7. Targeted Collaborators
What it entailed: Identifying and neutralising those who supported or enforced the fascist regime, such as informants, military leaders, and high-ranking officials.
Historical example: Italian partisans assassinated fascist officials and disrupted their command structure.
Key actions: Conducted thorough reconnaissance, ensured precision in targeting, and prioritised high-impact individuals.
8. Defended and Supported Vulnerable Communities
What it entailed: Protecting marginalised groups targeted by the regime (e.g., ethnic minorities, political dissidents) and provided safe havens for those at risk.
Historical example: Resistance groups in Italy sheltered Jews and political refugees, smuggling them out of occupied areas.
Key actions: Established escape routes, provided food and medical supplies, and counteracted regime terror campaigns.
9. Undermined Morale of Regime Forces
What it entailed: Spreading dissent among soldiers and police, encouraged defections, and exposed cracks within the regime’s ranks.
Historical example: Italian partisans actively worked to demoralise occupying Nazi troops by cutting off supplies and spreading rumours.
Key actions: Forged relationships with conscripts, offered amnesty for defectors, and highlighted the regime’s failures.
10. Established Free Zones and Parallel Institutions
What it entailed: Liberating and controlling areas where the regime’s authority was absent or weak, creating an alternative governance structure.
Historical example: Italian partisans established temporary liberated zones in the mountains, governing independently from Mussolini’s regime.
Key actions: Provided essential services, organised local militias, and inspired broader resistance.
How did it end?
Well, here is a picture of Mussolini and some of his friends!
Key actions: Provided essential services, organised local militias, and inspired broader resistance.
How did it end?
Well, here is a picture of Mussolini and some of his friends!
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