One of the first stud books to document the breeding of animals was created for Shorthorn Cattle in 1822.
It was also the first studbook to illuminate the deleterious impact of inbreeding too much and for too long
What was different with farmers, than with dog owners, was that down on the farm there was a clear axis of production, while in the Kennel Club there was nothing but the sniffing pretension of ego, exclusivity, and conspicuous consumption.
Farmers inbreeding animals for improvement began to notice that fertility rates began to drop after a few generations. In some lines disease popped up, or defects such as weak hocks appeared. A breed was not “better” or “improved” if it cost more, produced less, or died sooner.
Because farm herds are large and often kept by families for generations, farmers were able to "tease out" data indicating drops in production, increases in mortality, declining fecundity, and a steady rise in disease and illness.
Inbreeding, which had initially boosted production, now appeared to be reducing it.
Because farmers had a clear "steak and eggs" axis for evaluation of stock, they were ready and willing to outcross to achieve the best results for their needs and their land. Consumers, after all, do not much care what breed of chicken their eggs come from, or what "champion" bull sired their steak.
Through experimentation, farmers discovered that outcrosses and hybrids of two "pure" types produce as well or better, while remaining more disease resistant, more fecund, and longer-lived than deeply homogeneous stock.
What may appear to be a pure Angus (the most common breed of beef cattle in the world) is likely to have a wide variety of cattle genes coursing through its system. In fact, entire breeds of cattle are now kept solely for their outcross potential. On today's farms the cattle in the field may be Brangus (Brahman-Angus crosses), Braford (Brahmam-Hereford crosses), Beefmasters (a cross of Hereford, Shorthorn and Brahman), or any other combination or mix.
If you go to any farm or garden center today, you will find nearly everything is hybrid, from hybrid Pioneer seed corn to hybrid roses.
In the food marketplace, we find hybrid tomatoes and potatoes, as well as apples and cucumbers. Entire types, such as Broccoli, Kale, and Brussels Sprouts are, in fact, hybrids of the same plant.
In the poultry section, every chicken is a man-made crossbreed, whether it’s egg-producing ISA Browns, Bovans Goldline, or California Whites, and whether it’s meat chickens like Freedom Rangers or Cornish Crosses.
Dog breeds are also a product of outcrossing, whether to achieve performance success or aesthetic satisfaction.
The difference with dogs, however, is that owners and breeders are mostly divorced from each other, are divorced from work and performance metrics, and are operating in a very small numerical pool.
A “big breeder” of dogs might have a kennel of just ten dogs, have pedigree records going back only five generations, have health testing on very few dogs and for very few issues, and have no track record at all on the health, fecundity, and mortality of their get.
Is it any wonder that dogs are not being improved in the Kennel Clubs at that same speed that farm stock (both plant and animal) has been improved on the farm?